Azeotrope-like compositions containing fluoroethane

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to the discovery of compositions which include fluoroethane, 2-fluoropropane or tert-butylfluoride. These compositions are useful as pure components or with at least one of tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane, hexafluoropropane, a hydrocarbon or dimethylether.  
     These compositions are useful as aerosol propellants, refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, refrigerants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 60/029,971, filed Nov. 4, 1996.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to the discovery of compositionswhich include fluoroethane, 2-fluoropropane or tert-butylfluoride. Thesecompositions are useful as pure components or with at least one oftetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane, hexafluoropropane, a hydrocarbon ordimethylether.

[0003] These compositions are useful as aerosol propellants,refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins andpolyurethanes, refrigerants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics,fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerizationmedia, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasiveagents, and displacement drying agents.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0004] Fluorinated hydrocarbons have had many uses, such as aerosolpropellants, blowing agents and refrigerants. These compounds includetrichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) andchlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22).

[0005] In recent years it has been pointed out that certain kinds offluorinated hydrocarbons released into the atmosphere may adverselyaffect the stratospheric ozone layer. Although this proposition has notyet been completely established, there is a movement toward the controlof the use and the production of certain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) andhydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) under an international agreement.

[0006] There is also a demand for aerosol propellants and blowing agentswhich have significantly less photochemical reactivity than hydrocarbonsthat contribute to the formation of ambient ozone and ground level smog.These compounds are typically referred to as low-VOC (volatile organiccompound) or non-VOC.

[0007] Accordingly, there is a demand for the development ofrefrigerants that have a lower ozone depletion potential than existingrefrigerants while still achieving an acceptable performance inrefrigeration applications. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have beensuggested as replacements for CFCs and HCFCs since HFCs have no chlorineand therefore have zero ozone depletion potential.

[0008] In refrigeration applications, a refrigerant is often lost duringoperation through leaks in shaft seals, hose connections, solderedjoints and broken lines. In addition, the refrigerant may be released tothe atmosphere during maintenance procedures on refrigeration equipment.If the refrigerant is not a pure component or an azeotropic orazeotrope-like composition, the refrigerant composition may change whenleaked or discharged to the atmosphere from the refrigeration equipment.The change in refrigerant composition may cause the refrigerant tobecome flammable or to have poor refrigeration performance.

[0009] Accordingly, it is desirable to use as a refrigerant a singlefluorinated hydrocarbon or an azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositionthat includes one or more fluorinated hydrocarbons.

[0010] Fluorinated hydrocarbons which are classified as low or non-VOCare also useful as aerosol propellants or blowing agents because they donot contribute significantly to ground level pollution.

[0011] Fluorinated hydrocarbons may also be used as cleaning agents orsolvent to clean, for example, electronic circuit boards. It isdesirable that the cleaning agents be azeotropic or azeotrope-likebecause in vapor degreasing operations the cleaning agent is generallyredistilled and reused for final rinse cleaning.

[0012] Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions that include afluorinated hydrocarbon are also useful as blowing agents in themanufacture of closed-cell polyurethane, phenolic and thermoplasticfoams, as heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishingagents or power cycle working fluids such as for heat pumps. Thesecompositions may also be used as inert media for polymerizationreactions, fluids for removing particulates from metal surfaces, ascarrier fluids that may be used, for example, to place a fine film oflubricant on metal parts or as buffing abrasive agents to remove buffingabrasive compounds from polished surfaces such as metal. They are alsoused as displacement drying agents for removing water, such as fromjewelry or metal parts, as resist developers in conventional circuitmanufacturing techniques including chlorine-type developing agents, oras strippers for photoresists when used with, for example, achlorohydrocarbon such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane or trichloroethylene.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The present invention relates to the discovery of compositionswhich include fluoroethane, 2-fluoropropane or tert-butylfluoride. Thesecompositions have zero ozone depletion potential (ODP), low globalwarming potential and are lower VOC than hydrocarbons. Thesecompositions are also useful as pure components or with at least one oftetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane, hexafluoropropane, a hydrocarbon ordimethylether. These compositions are used as aerosol propellants,refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins andpolyurethanes, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fireextinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media,particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, anddisplacement drying agents.

[0014] Further, the invention relates to the discovery of binaryazeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions comprising effective amountsof fluoroethane, 2-fluoropropane or tert-butylfluoride and a secondcomponent of tetrafluoroethane, difluoroethane, hexafluoropropane, ahydrocarbon or dimethylether, to form an azeotropic or azeotrope-likecomposition. Azeotropes are highly desirable for refrigerants but notnecessary for aerosol propellants.

[0015] The compounds of the present invention include the followingcomponents:

[0016] 1. fluoroethane (HFC-161, or CH₃CH₂F, boiling point=−38° C.),

[0017] 2. 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134, or CHF₂CHF₂, boilingpoint=−20° C.),

[0018] 3. 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a, or CF₃CH₂F, boilingpoint=−26° C.),

[0019] 4. 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a, or CH₃CHF₂, boiling point=−25°C.),

[0020] 5. 2-fluoropropane (HFC-281ea, or CH₃CHFCH₃, boiling point=−11°C.),

[0021] 6. tert-butylfluoride (HFC-3-10-1sy, or (CH₃)₃CF, boilingpoint=12° C.),

[0022] 7. 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea, or CF₃CHFCHF₂,boiling point=6° C.),

[0023] 8. 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa, or CF₃CH₂CF₃,boiling point=−1° C.),

[0024] 9. dimethylether (DME, or CH₃OCH₃, boiling point=−25° C.),

[0025] 10. butane (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃, boiling point=−0.5° C.),

[0026] 11. isobutane ((CH₃)₃CH, boiling point=−12° C.),

[0027] 12. propane (CH₃CH₂CH₃, boiling point=−42° C.).

[0028] HFC-161 (CAS Reg. No. 353-36-6) and HFC-281ea (isopropylfluoride, CAS Reg. No. 420-26-8) have been prepared by reaction ofhydrogen fluoride with ethylene and propylene, respectively, as reportedby Grosse and Lin in J. Org. Chem., Vol. 3, pp. 26-32 (1938).

[0029] 2-Fluoro-2-methylpropane (t-butyl fluoride, HFC-3-10-1y, CAS Reg.No. [353-61-7]) may be prepared by the reaction of t-butyl alcohol withaqueous hydrogen fluoride as discussed on page 689 of “Chemistry ofOrganic Fluorine Compounds” by Milos Hudlicky, 2nd. ed., 1976.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030]FIG. 1 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-161/HFC-134a at −14.15° C.;

[0031]FIG. 2 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-161/HFC-152a at −0.05° C.;

[0032]FIG. 3 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-161/HFC-281ea at −10° C.;

[0033]FIG. 4 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-161/HFC-3-10-1sy at −20° C.;

[0034]FIG. 5 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-161/butane at −20° C.;

[0035]FIG. 6 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-161/isobutane at −10° C.;

[0036]FIG. 7 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-161/DME at 0° C.;

[0037]FIG. 8 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-281ea/HFC-134a at −10° C.;

[0038]FIG. 9 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-281ea/HFC-152a at −10.01° C.;

[0039]FIG. 10 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-281ea/HFC-3-10-1sy at 0° C.;

[0040]FIG. 11 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-281ea/propane at −10° C.;

[0041]FIG. 12 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-281ea/DME at −9.95° C.;

[0042]FIG. 13 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-134 at −21.7° C.;

[0043]FIG. 14 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-134a at 0° C.;

[0044]FIG. 15 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-152a at 0° C.;

[0045]FIG. 16 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-236ea at −1.7° C.;

[0046]FIG. 17 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-236fa at −2.5° C.;

[0047]FIG. 18 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/butane at 0° C.;

[0048]FIG. 19 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/isobutane at 0° C.;

[0049]FIG. 20 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/propane at −20° C.;

[0050]FIG. 21 is a graph of the vapor/liquid equilibrium curve formixtures of HFC-3-10-1sy/DME at −10° C.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The present invention relates to the following compositions:

[0052] (a) fluoroethane (HFC-161);

[0053] (b) 2-fluoropropane (HFC-281ea);

[0054] (c) tert-butylfluoride (HFC-3-10-1sy);

[0055] (d) HFC-161 and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a); HFC-161 and1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a); HFC-161 and 2-fluoropropane (HFC-281ea);HFC-161 and tert-butylfluoride (HFC-3-10-1sy); HFC-161 and butane;HFC-161 and isobutane; or HFC-161 and dimethylether (DME);

[0056] (e) HFC-281ea and HFC-134a; HFC-281ea and HFC-152a; HFC-281ea andHFC-3-10-1sy; HFC-281ea and propane; or HFC-281ea and DME; or

[0057] (f) HFC-3-10-1sy and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134);HFC-3-10-1sy and HFC-134a; HFC-3-10-1sy and HFC-152a; HFC-3-10-1sy and1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea); HFC-3-10-1sy and1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa); HFC-3-10-1sy and butane;HFC-3-10-1sy and isobutane; HFC-3-10-1sy and propane; or HFC-3-10-1syand DME.

[0058] 1-99 wt. % of each of the components of the compositions areuseful as aerosol propellants, refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansionagents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, refrigerants, heat transfermedia, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycleworking fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids,carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents.Further, the present invention also relates to the discovery ofazeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions of effective amounts of eachof the above mixtures to form an azeotropic or azeotrope-likecomposition.

[0059] By “azeotropic” composition is meant a constant boiling liquidadmixture of two or more substances that behaves as a single substance.One way to characterize an azeotropic composition is that the vaporproduced by partial evaporation or distillation of the liquid has thesame composition as the liquid from which it was evaporated ordistilled, that is, the admixture distills/refluxes withoutcompositional change. Constant boiling compositions are characterized asazeotropic because they exhibit either a maximum or minimum boilingpoint, as compared with that of the non-azeotropic mixtures of the samecomponents.

[0060] By “azeotrope-like” composition is meant a constant boiling, orsubstantially constant boiling, liquid admixture of two or moresubstances that behaves as a single substance. One way to characterizean azeotrope-like composition is that the vapor produced by partialevaporation or distillation of the liquid has substantially the samecomposition as the liquid from which it was evaporated or distilled,that is, the admixture distills/refluxes without substantial compositionchange. Another way to characterize an azeotrope-like composition isthat the bubble point vapor pressure and the dew point vapor pressure ofthe composition at a particular temperature are substantially the same.

[0061] It is recognized in the art that a composition is azeotrope-likeif, after 50 weight percent of the composition is removed such as byevaporation or boiling off, the difference in vapor pressure between theoriginal composition and the composition remaining after 50 weightpercent of the original composition has been removed is less than about10 percent, when measured in absolute units. By absolute units, it ismeant measurements of pressure and, for example, psia, atmospheres,bars, torr, dynes per square centimeter, millimeters of mercury, inchesof water and other equivalent terms well known in the art. If anazeotrope is present, there is no difference in vapor pressure betweenthe original composition and the composition remaining after 50 weightpercent of the original composition has been removed.

[0062] Therefore, included in this invention are compositions ofeffective amounts of:

[0063] (a) HFC-161 and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a); HFC-161 and1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a); HFC-161 and 2-fluoropropane (HFC-281ea);HFC-161 and tert-butylfluoride (HFC-3-10-1sy); HFC-161 and butane;HFC-161 and isobutane; or HFC-161 and dimethylether (DME);

[0064] (b) HFC-281ea and HFC-134a; HFC-281ea and HFC-152a; HFC-281ea andHFC-3-10-1sy; HFC-281ea and propane; or HFC-281ea and DME; or

[0065] (c) HFC-3-10-1sy and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134);HFC-3-10-1sy and HFC-134a; HFC-3-10-1sy and HFC-152a; HFC-3-10-1sy and1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea); HFC-3-10-1sy and1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa); HFC-3-10-1sy and butane;HFC-3-10-1sy and isobutane; HFC-3-10-1sy and propane; or HFC-3-10-1syand DME; such that after 50 weight percent of an original composition isevaporated or boiled off to produce a remaining composition, thedifference in the vapor pressure between the original composition andthe remaining composition is 10 percent or less.

[0066] For compositions that are azeotropic, there is usually some rangeof compositions around the azeotrope point that, for a maximum boilingazeotrope, have boiling points at a particular pressure higher than thepure components of the composition at that pressure and have vaporpressures at a particular temperature lower than the pure components ofthe composition at that temperature, and that, for a minimum boilingazeotrope, have boiling points at a particular pressure lower than thepure components of the composition at that pressure and have vaporpressures at a particular temperature higher than the pure components ofthe composition at that temperature. Boiling temperatures and vaporpressures above or below that of the pure components are caused byunexpected intermolecular forces between and among the molecules of thecompositions, which can be a combination of repulsive and attractiveforces such as van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding.

[0067] The range of compositions that have a maximum or minimum boilingpoint at a particular pressure, or a maximum or minimum vapor pressureat a particular temperature, may or may not be coextensive with therange of compositions that have a change in vapor pressure of less thanabout 10% when 50 weight percent of the composition is evaporated. Inthose cases where the range of compositions that have maximum or minimumboiling temperatures at a particular pressure, or maximum or minimumvapor pressures at a particular temperature, are broader than the rangeof compositions that have a change in vapor pressure of less than about10% when 50 weight percent of the composition is evaporated, theunexpected intermolecular forces are nonetheless believed important inthat the refrigerant compositions having those forces that are notsubstantially constant boiling may exhibit unexpected increases in thecapacity or efficiency versus the components of the refrigerantcomposition.

[0068] Substantially constant boiling, azeotropic or azeotrope-likecompositions of this invention comprise the following: WEIGHT RANGESPREFERRED COMPONENTS T ° C. (wt. %/wt/%) (wt. %/wt. %) HFC-161/HFC-134a−20 1-99/1-99 10-90/10-90 HFC-161IHFC-152a −30 1-99/1-99 10-90/10-90HFC-161/HFC-281ea −10 73-99/1-27 73-99/1-27 HFC-161/HFC-3-10-lsy −2075-99/1-25 75-99/1-25 HFC-161/butane −20 67-99/1-33 67-99/1-33HFC-161/isobutane −20 52-99/1-48 52-99/1-48 HFC-161/DME −30 1-99/1-9910-90/10-90 HFC-281ea/HFC-134a −10 1-99/1-99 10-90/10/90HFC-281ea/HFC-152a −20 1-99/1-99 10-90/10-90 HFC-281ea/HFC-3-10-lsy 041-99/1-59 41-99/1-59 HFC-281ea/propane −10 1-41/59-99 1-41/59-99HFC-281ea/DME −9.95 1-99/1-99 10-90/10-90 HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-134 −21.71-44/56-99 1-44/56-99 HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-134a 0 1-32/68-99 1-32/68-99HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-152a 0 1-30/70-99 1-30/70-99 HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-236ea−1.7 11-60/40-89 and 11-60/40-89 and 1-3/97-99 1-3/97-99HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-236fa −2.5 1-52/48-99 1-52/48-99 HFC-3-10-lsy/butane 01-99/1-99 10-90/10-90 HFC-3-10-lsy/isobutane 0 1-45/55-99 and 1-45/55-99and 89-99/1-11 89-99/1-11 HFC-3-10-lsy/propane −20 1-19/81-99 1-19/81-99HFC-3-10-lsy/DME −10 1-42/58-99 1-42/58-99

[0069] For purposes of this invention, “effective amount” is defined asthe amount of each component of the inventive compositions which, whencombined, results in the formation of an azeotropic or azeotrope-likecomposition. This definition includes the amounts of each component,which amounts may vary depending on the pressure applied to thecomposition so long as the azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositionscontinue to exist at the different pressures, but with possibledifferent boiling points.

[0070] Therefore, effective amount includes the amounts, such as may beexpressed in weight percentages, of each component of the compositionsof the instant invention which form azeotropic or azeotrope-likecompositions at temperatures or pressures other than as describedherein.

[0071] For the purposes of this discussion, azeotropic orconstant-boiling is intended to mean also essentially azeotropic oressentially-constant boiling. In other words, included within themeaning of these terms are not only the true azeotropes described above,but also other compositions containing the same components in differentproportions, which are true azeotropes at other temperatures andpressures, as well as those equivalent compositions which are part ofthe same azeotropic system and are azeotrope-like in their properties.As is well recognized in this art, there is a range of compositionswhich contain the same components as the azeotrope, which will not onlyexhibit essentially equivalent properties for refrigeration and otherapplications, but which will also exhibit essentially equivalentproperties to the true azeotropic composition in terms of constantboiling characteristics or tendency not to segregate or fractionate onboiling.

[0072] It is possible to characterize, in effect, a constant boilingadmixture which may appear under many guises, depending upon theconditions chosen, by any of several criteria:

[0073] The composition can be defined as an azeotrope of A, B, C (and D. . . ) since the very term “azeotrope” is at once both definitive andlimitative, and requires that effective amounts of A, B, C (and D . . .) for this unique composition of matter which is a constant boilingcomposition.

[0074] It is well known by those skilled in the art, that, at differentpressures, the composition of a given azeotrope will vary at least tosome degree, and changes in pressure will also change, at least to somedegree, the boiling point temperature. Thus, an azeotrope of A, B, C(and D . . . ) represents a unique type of relationship but with avariable composition which depends on temperature and/or pressure.Therefore, compositional ranges, rather than fixed compositions, areoften used to define azeotropes.

[0075] The composition can be defined as a particular weight percentrelationship or mole percent relationship of A, B, C (and D . . . ),while recognizing that such specific values point out only oneparticular relationship and that in actuality, a series of suchrelationships, represented by A, B, C (and D . . . ) actually exist fora given azeotrope, varied by the influence of pressure.

[0076] An azeotrope of A, B, C (and D . . . ) can be characterized bydefining the compositions as an azeotrope characterized by a boilingpoint at a given pressure, thus giving identifying characteristicswithout unduly limiting the scope of the invention by a specificnumerical composition, which is limited by and is only as accurate asthe analytical equipment available.

[0077] The azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions of the presentinvention can be prepared by any convenient method including mixing orcombining the desired amounts. A preferred method is to weigh thedesired component amounts and thereafter combine them in an appropriatecontainer.

[0078] Specific examples illustrating the invention are given below.Unless otherwise stated therein, all percentages are by weight. It is tobe understood that these examples are merely illustrative and in no wayare to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention.

EXAMPLE 1 Phase Study

[0079] A phase study shows the following compositions are azeotropic,all at the temperature specified. Vapor Press. Components T ° C. WeightRanges psia (kPa) HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-134 −21.7  13.9/86.1 14.7 101HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-236ea −1.7 33.6/66.4 14.7 101 HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-236fa−2.5 12.7/87.3 14.7 101

EXAMPLE 2 Impact of Vapor Leakage

[0080] A vessel is charged with an initial composition at a specifiedtemperature, and the initial vapor pressure of the composition ismeasured. The composition is allowed to leak from the vessel, while thetemperature is held constant, until 50 weight percent of the initialcomposition is removed, at which time the vapor pressure of thecomposition remaining in the vessel is measured. The results aresummarized below. INITIAL 50% LEAK WT % A/WT % B PSIA KPA PSIA KPA DELTA% P HFC-161/HFC-134a (−20° C.) 1/99 19.6 135 19.5 134 0.5 10/90 22.0 15221.2 146 3.6 20/80 24.1 166 22.9 158 5.0 30/70 25.8 178 24.6 170 4.740/60 27.2 188 26.1 180 4.0 50/50 28.3 195 27.5 190 2.8 60/40 29.2 20128.6 197 2.1 70/30 29.9 206 29.5 203 1.3 80/20 30.5 210 30.3 209 0.790/10 30.9 213 30.8 212 0.3 99/1 31.2 215 31.2 215 0.0 HFC-161/HFC-152a(−30° C.) 1/99 11.7 80.7 11.7 80.7 0.0 10/90 12.7 87.6 12.3 84.8 3.120/80 13.8 95.1 13.1 90.3 5.1 30/70 14.9 103 14.0 96.5 6.0 40/60 15.9110 14.9 103 6.3 50/50 16.9 117 15.9 110 5.9 60/40 17.8 123 16.9 117 5.170/30 18.7 129 18.0 124 3.7 80/20 19.5 134 19.0 131 2.6 90/10 20.3 14020.0 138 1.5 99/1 20.9 144 20.9 144 0.0 HFC-161/HFC-281ea (−10° C.) 99/144.9 310 44.8 309 0.2 90/10 42.7 294 41.1 283 3.7 80/20 40.0 276 37.1256 7.2 73/27 38.1 263 34.3 236 10.0 HFC-161/HFC-3-10-lsy (−20° C.) 99/131.1 214 31.0 214 0.3 90/10 29.7 205 28.6 197 3.7 80/20 28.1 194 25.9179 7.8 75/25 27.2 188 24.6 170 9.6 74/26 27.1 187 24.3 168 10.3HFC-161/butane (−20° C.) 99/1 31.1 214 31.0 214 0.3 90/10 29.8 205 29.1201 2.3 80/20 28.4 196 26.9 185 5.3 70/30 26.9 185 24.6 170 8.6 67/3326.5 183 23.9 165 9.8 66/34 26.3 181 23.6 163 10.3 HFC-161/isobutane(−20° C.) 99/1 31.2 215 31.2 215 0.0 90/10 30.5 210 30.3 209 0.7 80/2029.6 204 29.0 200 2.0 70/30 28.6 197 27.5 190 3.8 60/40 27.4 189 25.6177 6.6 52/48 26.4 182 23.9 165 9.5 51/49 26.3 181 23.6 163 10.3HFC-161/DME (−30° C.) 1/99 11.6 80.0 11.6 80.0 0.0 10/90 12.4 85.5 12.183.4 2.4 20/80 13.2 91.0 12.7 87.6 3.8 30/70 14.1 97.2 13.3 91.7 5.740/60 15.0 103 14.1 97.2 6.0 50/50 16.0 110 15.0 103 6.3 60/40 17.0 11716.0 110 5.9 70/30 17.9 123 17.1 118 4.5 80/20 18.9 130 18.3 126 3.290/10 19.9 137 19.6 135 1.5 99/1 20.8 143 20.8 143 0.0HFC-281ea/HFC-134a (−10° C.) 1/99 29.1 201 29.0 200 0.3 10/90 26.7 18425.6 177 4.1 20/80 24.4 168 22.7 157 7.0 30/70 22.4 154 20.4 141 8.940/60 20.6 142 18.8 130 8.7 50/50 19.1 132 17.5 121 8.4 60/40 17.8 12316.5 114 7.3 70/30 16.7 115 15.8 109 5.4 80/20 15.7 108 15.1 104 3.890/10 14.9 103 14.6 101 2.0 99/1 14.2 97.9 14.2 97.9 0.0HFC-281ea/HFC-152a (−20° C.) 1/99 17.8 123 17.8 123 0.0 10/90 17.0 11716.6 114 2.4 20/80 16.0 110 15.3 105 4.4 30/70 15.1 104 14.2 97.9 6.040/60 14.2 97.9 13.2 91.0 7.0 50/50 13.3 91.7 12.3 84.8 7.5 60/40 12.485.5 11.6 80.0 6.5 70/30 11.6 80.0 10.9 75.2 6.0 80/20 10.8 74.5 10.270.3 5.6 90/10 10.0 68.9 9.68 66.7 3.2 99/1 9.28 64.0 9.23 63.6 0.5HFC-281ea/HFC-3-10-lsy (0° C.) 99/1 21.0 145 20.9 144 0.5 90/10 20.3 14020.1 139 1.0 80/20 19.6 135 19.1 132 2.6 70/30 18.8 130 18.0 124 4.360/40 17.9 123 16.9 117 5.6 50/50 17.0 117 15.7 108 7.6 41/59 16.1 11114.5 100 9.9 40/60 16.0 110 14.3 98.6 10.6 HFC-281ea/propane (−10° C.)1/99 35.3 344 49.8 343 0.2 10/90 48.6 335 48.1 332 1.0 20/80 47.1 32545.7 315 3.0 30/70 45.4 313 42.9 296 5.5 40/60 43.4 299 39.3 271 9.441/59 43.2 298 38.9 268 10.0 HFC-281ea/DME (−9.95° C.) 1/99 26.7 18426.7 184 0.0 10/90 25.8 178 25.4 175 1.6 20/80 24.8 171 24.1 166 2.830/70 23.7 163 22.7 157 4.2 40/60 22.5 155 21.3 147 5.3 50/50 21.3 14720.0 138 6.1 60/40 20.0 138 18.7 129 6.5 70/30 18.7 129 17.5 121 6.480/20 17.3 119 16.3 112 5.8 90/10 15.9 110 15.2 105 4.4 99/1 14.4 99.314.3 98.6 0.7 HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-134 (−21.7° C.) 13.9/86.1 14.7 101.4 14.7101.4 0.0 7/93 14.5 100.0 14.3 98.6 1.4 1/99 13.7 94.5 13.5 93.1 1.50/100 13.4 92.4 13.4 92.4 0.0 20/80 14.6 100.7 14.6 100.7 0.0 30/70 14.5100.0 14.2 97.9 2.1 40/60 14.3 98.6 13.5 93.1 5.6 44/56 14.2 97.9 12.888.3 9.9 45/55 14.2 97.9 12.6 86.9 11.3 100/0 3.89 26.8 3.89 26.8 0.0HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-134a (0° C.) 1/99 42.9 296 42.9 296 0.0 5/95 42.3 29242.1 290 0.5 10/90 41.5 286 40.8 281 1.7 15/85 40.6 280 39.4 272 3.020/80 39.7 274 38.0 262 4.3 25/75 38.9 268 36.4 251 6.4 30/70 38.0 26234.7 239 8.7 32/68 37.7 260 34.0 234 9.8 3 3/67 37.5 259 33.6 232 10.4HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-152a (0° C.) 1/99 38.4 265 38.4 265 0.0 10/90 36.8 25436.0 248 2.2 20/80 35.0 241 33.1 228 5.4 30/70 33.2 229 30.0 207 9.6 31/69 33.0 228 29.6 204 10.3 HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-236ea (−1.7° C.) 33.6/66.414.7 101 14.7 101 0.0 20/80 14.5 100 14.1 97.0 2.9 11/89 13.8 94.9 12.485.5 9.9 50/50 14.6 100 14.3 98.5 1.9 60/40 14.4 99.3 13.2 90.7 8.761/39 14.4 99.3 12.9 88.9 10.4 100/0 8.91 61.4 8.91 61.4 0.0 0/100 10.471.7 10.4 71.7 0.0 1/99 11.0 75.6 10.5 72.3 4.4 3/97 11.9 81.8 10.7 73.99.7 HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-236fa (−2.5° C.) 12.7/87.3 14.7 101 14.7 101 0.01/99 14.2 98.0 14.2 97.8 0.2 0/100 14.1 97.2 14.1 97.2 0.0 40/60 13.995.6 13.2 91.1 4.7 50/50 13.4 92.1 12.2 84.0 8.8 52/48 13.2 91.3 12.082.5 9.7 53/47 13.2 90.9 11.8 81.6 10.2 100/0 8.64 59.6 8.64 59.6 0.0HFC-3-10-lsy/butane (0° C.) 1/99 14.9 103 14.9 103 0.0 10/90 14.6 10114.5 99.8 0.7 20/80 14.2 97.7 14.0 96.4 1.3 30/70 13.7 94.7 13.5 92.72.0 40/60 13.3 91.4 12.9 88.9 2.7 50/50 12.8 87.9 12.3 85.1 3.2 60/4012.2 84.1 11.8 81.1 3.6 70/30 11.6 80.0 11.2 77.1 3.7 80/20 11.0 75.610.6 73.1 3.4 90/10 10.3 70.8 10.0 69.2 2.2 99/1 9.59 66.1 9.56 65.9 0.3HFC-3-10-lsy/isobutane (0° C.) 1/99 22.6 156 22.6 156 0.0 10/90 21.7 15021.3 147 2.1 20/80 20.7 143 19.8 136 4.3 30/70 19.6 135 18.3 126 6.540/60 18.4 127 16.8 116 8.8 45/55 17.8 123 16.0 111 9.9 46/54 17.7 12215.9 110 10.1 88/12 11.6 80.2 10.5 72.1 10.1 89/11 11.5 79.0 10.4 71.59.5 99/1 9.69 66.8 9.57 66.0 1.2 HFC-3-10-lsy/propane (−20° C.) 1/9935.2 243 35.0 241 0.6 10/90 33.5 231 31.9 220 4.8 19/81 31.6 218 28.6197 9.5 20/80 31.4 216 28.2 194 10.2 HFC-3-10-lsy/DME (−10° C.) 1/9926.7 184 26.7 184 0.0 10/90 26.0 179 25.7 177 1.2 20/80 25.1 173 24.4168 2.8 30/70 24.2 167 22.9 158 5.4 40/60 23.2 160 21.1 145 9.1 42/5823.0 159 20.7 143 10.0 43/57 22.8 157 20.5 141 10.1

[0081] The results of this Example show that these compositions areazeotropic or azeotrope-like because when 50 wt. % of an originalcomposition is removed, the vapor pressure of the remaining compositionis within about 10% of the vapor pressure of the original composition,at a temperature of 25° C.

EXAMPLE 3 of Vapor Leakage at −20° C.

[0082] A leak test is performed on compositions of HFC-3-10-1sy andHFC-236fa, at the temperature of −20° C. The results are summarizedbelow. “A” represents HFC-3-10-1sy and “B” represents HFC-236fa. INITIAL50% LEAK WT % A/WT % B PSIA KPA PSIA KPA DELTA % PHFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-236fa 16.3/83.7 6.86 47.3 6.86 47.3 0.0 10/90 6.82 47.06.80 46.9 0.3 1/99 6.49 44.7 6.47 44.6 0.3 30/70 6.75 46.5 6.66 45.9 1.340/60 6.59 45.4 6.34 43.7 3.8 50/50 6.37 43.9 5.90 40.7 7.4 55/45 6.2543.1 5.63 38.8 9.9 56/44 6.22 42.9 5.58 38.5 10.3 

[0083] These results show that compositions of HFC-3-10-1sy andHFC-236fa are azeotropic or azeotrope-like at different temperatures,but that the weight percents of the components vary as the temperatureis changed.

EXAMPLE 4 Vapor Pressures and Kauri-butanol Values

[0084] Vapor pressures of the compounds of the present invention aregiven below. The data indicate these compounds are useful replacementsfor hydrocarbons widely used in aerosol formulations today. HFC-281eaand isobutane as well as HFC-161 and propane have nearly identical vaporpressures. Kauri-butanol values for the compounds of the presentinvention are also higher than each respective hydrocarbon. Thisindicates these compounds have better solvent capability as well ascompatibility with aerosol resins and other active ingredients. VaporPressure (Psig) Kauri-Butanol 70° F. 130° F. Value HFC-161 106  264   16.3 HFC-281ea 31 99   20.3 HFC-3-10-lsy  5 38 — Propane 108  262  15Isobutane 31 97 18 Butane 17 65 20

EXAMPLE 5 VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) Predictions

[0085] Kinetic rate measurements were measured experimentally (JetPropulsion Laboratories) or predicted for compounds of the presentinvention using group reactivity methodology of R. Atkinson (ref: Kwok,E. S. C., and R. Atkinson, “Estimation of Hydroxyl Radical Reaction RateConstants for Gas-Phase Organic Compounds using a Structure-ReactivityRelationship: An Update”, Final Report to CMA Contract No. ARC-8.0-OR,1994). A compound can be considered a potential non-VOC if its kineticrate at 298 degrees K relative to ethane is less than 1.0. Results areshown in the Table below. TABLE k at 298K cm³/molecule-sec for OHradical k relative Measured Compound reaction to ethane or predictedEthane 2.4 × 10⁻¹³ 1.0 Measured Propane 1.1 × 10⁻¹² 4.6 Measured Butane2.54 × 10⁻¹²  10.5  Predicted Isobutane 2.33 × 10⁻¹²  9.7 PredictedIHFC-161 1.7 × 10⁻¹³ 0.7 Measured HFC-281ea 4.6 × 10⁻¹³ 1.9 MeasuredHFC-3-10-lsy 7.7 × 10⁻¹⁴ 0.3 Predicted

[0086] The compounds of the present invention have significantly reducedphotochemical (hydroxyl radical) reactivity compared to hydrocarbonspropane, butane and isobutane widely used in aerosols today. Using thecompounds of the present invention in aerosols can significantly reduceground level smog. HFC-161 and HFC-3-10-1sy could be classified asnon-VOCs because their reactivity is less than ethane. And HFC-281ea issignificantly less reactive than its hydrocarbon analogue isobutane.

EXAMPLE 6 55% VOC Hair Spray Prototype

[0087] A 55% VOC (volatile organic compound) hair spray in accordancewith the present invention is formulated as follows: TABLE Wt %Octylacrylamide/acrlyates/butylaminoethyl 5.00 methacrylate copolymer(National Starch) AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, Kodak) 0.96Dimethicone silylate (Hydrolabs) 0.50 Water 3.54

[0088] To this mixture is added ethanol and propellants of the presentinvention to yield a 55% VOC formulation: Wt % Wt %/Wt % Ethanol HFC-16135.00 55.00 HFC-3-l0-lsy 35.00 55.00 HFC-161/HFC-134a 5.00/30.00 55.00HFC-161/HFC-152a 5.00/30.00 55.00 HFC-161/HFC-281ea 35.00/7.00  48.00HFC-161/HFC-3-l0-lsy 28.00/7.00  55.00 HFC-281ea/HFC-134a 7.00/35.0048.00 HFC-281ea/HFC-152a 7.00/35.00 48.00 HFC-281ea/HFC-3-10-lsy7.00/35.00 48.00 HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-134 5.00/30.00 55.00HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-134a 5.00/30.00 55.00 HFC-3-10-lsy/HFC-152a 7.00/28.0055.00

[0089] The vapor pressure of each mixture may vary with formulation.This example is illustrative and does not reflect an optimized system.

EXAMPLE 7 55% VOC Hair Spray Prototype

[0090] Two 55% VOC hair sprays in accordance with the present inventionare formulated as follows: A B Component Wt % Wt % PVM/MA Copolymer 6.00  6.00 AMP  0.35  0.35 Water 29.05 38.65 Ethanol 40-1 34.60 25.00

[0091] To these mixtures are added 30.00 weight percent of one of thefollowing compositions of the present invention to yield a 55% VOCformulation: TABLE Formulation A B Component Wt % Wt % HFC-161/DME9.60/20.40 — HFC-161/butane 9.60/20.40 — HFC-161/isobutane 9.60/20.40 —HFC-281ea/propane — 9.60/20.40 HFC-281ea/DME — 9.60/20.40HFC-3-10-lsy/butane 9.60/20.40 — HFC-3-10-lsy/isobutane 9.60/20.40 —HFC-3-10-lsy/propane 9.60/20.40 — HFC-3-10-lsy/DME 9.60/20.40 —

[0092] The vapor pressure of each mixture may vary with formulation.This example is illustrative and does not reflect an optimized system.The formulations containing HFC-281ea will have less impact on groundlevel smog than those containing hydrocarbons because HFC-281ea has lesssignificantly less photochemical reactivity.

EXAMPLE 8 Fragrance Prototype

[0093] A fragrance in accordance with the present invention isformulated as follows: TABLE Wt % Fragrance 3.0 Ethanol 40-1 70.0 Water15.0

[0094] To this mixture is added 12.0 weight percent of one of thefollowing mixtures of the present invention: Wt % % VOC HFC-161 12.0 70HFC-281ea 12.0 82 HFC-3-10-1sy 12.0 70 HFC-161/HFC-134a 3.0/9.0 70HFC-161/HFC-152a 3.0/9.0 70 HFC-161/HFC-281ea 9.0/3.0 73HFC-161/HFC-3-10-1sy 9.0/3.0 70 HFC-161/butane 9.0/3.0 73HFC-161/isobutane 9.0/3.0 73 HFC-161/DME 6.0/6.0 76 HFC-281ea/HFC-134a3.0/9.0 73 HFC-281ea/HFC-152a 3.0/9.0 73 HFC-281ea/HFC-3-10-1sy 3.0/9.073 HFC-281ea/propane 3.0/9.0 82 HFC-281ea/DME 3.0/9.0 82HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-134  2.0/10.0 70 HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-134a 3.0/9.0 70HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-152a 3.0/9.0 70 HFC-3-10-1sy/butane 5.0/4.0 74HFC-3-10-1sy/isobutane 4.0/5.0 75 HFC-3-10-1sy/propane  2.0/10.0 80HFC-3-10-1sy/DME 3.0/9.0 79

[0095] The vapor pressure of each mixture may vary with formulation.This example is illustrative and does not reflect an optimized system.The formulations containing HFC-281ea will have less impact on groundlevel smog than those containing hydrocarbons because HFC-281ea has lesssignificantly less photochemical reactivity.

EXAMPLE 9 Aerosol Antiperspirant Prototype

[0096] A 60% VOC aerosol antiperspirant in accordance with the presentinvention is formulated as follows: TABLE Wt % Aluminum chlorohydrate10.0 Isopropyl myristate 6.0 Silicone fluid DC-344 6.0 (Dow Corning)Talc 0.5 Quaternium-18 hectorite 0.5 Ethanol 40-1 2.0

[0097] To this mixture is added 75.0 weight percent of one of thefollowing mixtures of the present invention to yield a 60% VOCformulation: HFC-161/DME 17.0/58.0 HFC-161/butane 17.0/58.0HFC-161/isobutane 17.0/58.0 HFC-3-10-1sy/butane 17.0/58.0HFC-3-10-1sy/isobutane 17.0/58.0 HFC-3-10-1sy/propane 17.0/58.0HFC-3-10-1sy/DME 17.0/58.0

[0098] Similar formulations can also be developed for air fresheners,household disinfectants, insect foggers and spray paints using thecompositions of the present invention.

EXAMPLE 10 Hair Spray Performance

[0099] The following example demonstrates efficacy of the patentinvention in hair sprays, compared to a widely used hydrofluorocarbonpropellant HFC-152a (CH₃CHF₂) as shown in the table below. Theformulations were one phase indicating complete miscibility. Tack anddry times, curl droop, and flame extension tests were used to evaluateperformance. Curl droop measures the percent lengthening of a curl fiveminutes after spraying. Flame extension was measured to determine theflammability of each formulation. Results show each formulation achieved80% or higher curl retention, good tack and dry times, and acceptableflame extensions despite the fact that the formulations were notoptimized. TABLE Formulation Component (Wt %) A B C D E F G H Resin* 2525 25 25 25 19.5 19.5 19.5 Ethanol 43 43 43 43 43 35.0 35.0 35.0Additives 2 2 2 2 2 1.7 1.7 1.7 HFC-161 — 30 — 18 — — — 10.0 HFC-281ea —— 30 — 12 — 10.0 — HFC-152a 30 — — — 18 10.0 — — Butane — — — 12 — — — —Water — — — — — 13.8 13.8 13.8 DME — — — — — 20.0 20.0 20.0 Total Wt %100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Vapor Pressure 60 95 31 79 52 47 40 64 @70° F. (psig) % VOC 43 43 73 55 55 55 65 55 Curl droop % 9 21 11 17 1618 11 17 Tack Time 10 14 4 7 11 8 14 58 (sec) Dry Time (sec) 24 28 17 4654 21 39 73 Flame Exten- 4 6 9 4 13 4 12 16 sion (inches)

EXAMPLE 11 Air Freshener Performance

[0100] To test air freshener flammability and miscibility, compositionsof the present invention were formulated into air fresheners as shown inthe table below. The formulations were one phase indicating completemiscibility. Flame extensions were measured which were less than 18inches, the desirable maximum. The formulations showed good spraypatterns and delivery. TABLE Formulation A B Component Wt % Wt %Fragrance  1  1 Water  4  4 Ethanol 30 30 HFC-161 65 — HFC-281ea — 65Total Wt % 100  100  Vapor Pressure @ 70 F. 106  33 (psig) FlameExtension (in) 13 16

EXAMPLE 12 Fragrance Performance

[0101] To test fragrance flammability and miscibility, compositions ofthe present invention were formulated into fragrances as shown in thetable below. The formulations were one phase indicating completemiscibility. Flame extensions were then measured which were less than 18inches, the desirable maximum. The formulations showed good spraypatterns and delivery. TABLE Formulation A B Component Wt % Wt %Fragrance  3  3 Ethanol 70 70 Water 15 15 HFC-161 12 — HFC-281ea — 12100  100  Vapor Pressure @ 70 F. 46 14 (psig) Flame Extension (in) 13 10

EXAMPLE 13 Shelf Life Stability

[0102] Compositions shown in the table below were prepared and loadedinto tin-plate aerosol cans. Cans were placed in an oven at 120° F. orheld at room temperature (21-23° C.) for several months. TABLEComposition Temperature Time Can Interior HFC-161/Ethanol 120° F. 2months No corrosion (30/70 wt %) Slight detinning 6 months No corrosionMedium detinning FC-161/Ethanol Room 24 months No corrosion (30/70 wt %)Slight detinning HFC-281ea/Ethanol 120° F. 1 month No corrosion (60/40wt %) or detinning 3 months No corrosion or detinning HFC-281ea/Ethanol/120° F. 1 month No corrosion Water (40/54/6 wt %) or detinning

[0103] As shown in the table, the propellant compositions demonstratedgood stability in formulation solvents, even without corrosioninhibitors.

EXAMPLE 14

[0104] The following table shows the performance of variousrefrigerants. The data is based on the following conditions. Evaporatortemperature  45.0° F. (7.2° C.) Condenser temperature 130.0° F. (54.4°C.) Subcooled  15.0° F. (8.3° C.) Return gas  65.0° F. (18.3° C.)Compressor efficiency is 75%.

[0105] The refrigeration capacity is based on a compressor with a fixeddisplacement of 3.5 cubic feet per minute and 75% volumetric efficiency.Capacity is intended to mean the change in enthalpy of the refrigerantin the evaporator per pound of refrigerant circulated, i.e. the heatremoved by the refrigerant in the evaporator per time. Coefficient ofperformance (COP) is intended to mean the ratio of the capacity tocompressor work. It is a measure of refrigerant energy efficiency. EvapCond Comp. Dis Capacity Refrig Press Press Temp. BTU/min Comp. Psia(kPa) Psia (kPa) ° F. (° C) COP (kW) HFC-161/HFC-134a 1/99 55 379 2151482 171 77 3.43 225 4.0 99/1 80 552 279 1924 201 94 3.49 316 5.6HFC-161/HFC-152a 1/99 51 352 194 1338 204 96 3.60 224 3.9 99/1 90 552278 1917 200 93 3.53 318 5.6 HFC-161/HFC-281ea 1/99 27 186 106 731 16876 3.71 123 2.2 99/1 79 545 278 1917 201 94 3.49 314 5.5HFC-161/HFC-3-10-1sy 1/99 13 90 55 379 148 64 3.75  63 1.1 99/1 79 545277 1910 201 94 3.50 314 5.5 HFC-161/butane 1/99 20 138 82 565 155 683.68  93 1.6 99/1 79 545 277 1910 201 94 3.49 314 5.5 HFC-161/isobutane1/99 30 207 65 448 112 44 3.57 123 2.2 99/1 79 545 279 1924 201 94 3.49315 5.5 HFC-161/DME 1/99 49 338 183 1262 194 90 3.67 215 3.8 99/1 79 545279 1924 201 94 3.49 315 5.5 HFC-218ea/HFC-134a 1/99 54 372 212 1462 17177 3.43 222 3.9 99/1 27 186 105 724 168 76 3.70 121 2.1HFC-281ea/HFC-152a 1/99 50 345 192 1324 204 95 3.61 222 3.9 99/1 27 186105 724 168 76 3.70 122 2.1 HFC-281ea/HFC-3-10-1sy 1/99 12 83 54 372 14864 3.68  59 1.0 99/1 26 179 104 717 168 76 3.70 120 2.1HFC-281ea/propane 1/99 83 572 270 1862 166 74 3.32 282 5.0 99/1 27 186107 738 168 76 3.71 123 2.2 HFC-281ea/DME 1/99 48 331 181 1248 193 893.68 213 3.8 99/1 27 186 106 731 168 76 3.70 122 2.1HFC-3-10-sy/HFC-134a 1/99 42 290 167 1151 182 83 3.60 187 3.3 99/1 12 8354 372 148 64 3.69  60 1.1 HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-134a 1/99 54 372 210 1448171 77 3.44 221 3.9 99/1 12 83 54 372 148 64 3.69  60 1.1HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-152a 1/99 50 345 191 1317 203 95 3.60 221 3.9 99/1 1390 54 372 148 64 3.70  60 1.1 HFC3-10-1sy/HFC-236ea 1/99 15 103 70 483143 62 3.50  71 1.3 99/1 12 83 53 365 148 64 3.67  59 1.0HFC-3-10-1sy/HFC-236fa 1/99 20 138 86 593 141 60 3.42  86 1.5 99/1 12 8353 365 148 64 3.67  59 1.0 HFC-3-10-1sy/butane 1/99 19 131 80 552 155 683.65  90 1.6 99/1 12 83 53 365 148 64 3.67  59 1.0HFC-3-10-1sy/isobutane 1/99 29 200 110 758 152 67 3.56 120 2.1 99/1 1283 54 372 148 64 3.68  59 1.0 HFC-3-10-sy/propane 1/99 83 572 269 1855166 74 3.33 281 4.9 99/1 13 90 55 379 147 64 3.74  62 1.1HFC-3-10-1sy/DME 1/99 48 331 181 1248 193 89 3.67 213 3.7 99/1 13 90 55379 148 64 3.73  62 1.1

ADDITIONAL COMPOUNDS

[0106] Other components, such as aliphatic hydrocarbons having a boilingpoint of −60 to +60° C., hydrofluorocarbonalkanes having a boiling pointof −60 to +60° C., hydrofluoropropanes having a boiling point of between−60 to +60° C., hydrocarbon esters having a boiling point between −60 to+60° C., hydrochlorofluorocarbons having a boiling point between −60 to+60° C., hydrofluorocarbons having a boiling point of −60 to +60° C.,hydrochlorocarbons having a boiling point between −60 to +60° C.,chlorocarbons and perfluorinated compounds, can be added to theazeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions described above withoutsubstantially changing the properties thereof, including the constantboiling behavior, of the compositions.

[0107] Additives such as lubricants, corrosion inhibitors, surfactants,stabilizers, dyes and other appropriate materials may be added to thenovel compositions of the invention for a variety of purposes providesthey do not have an adverse influence on the composition for itsintended application. Preferred lubricants include esters having amolecular weight greater than 250.

We claim:
 1. An aerosol propellant comprising fluoroethane.
 2. Anaerosol propellant comprising 2-fluoropropane.
 3. An aerosol propellantcomprising tert-butylfluoride.
 4. A composition comprising 1-99 weightpercent fluoroethane and 1-99 weight percent of at least one of1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, 2-fluoropropane,tert-butylfluoride, butane, isobutane or dimethylether; 1 to 99 weightpercent 2-fluoropropane and 1 to 99 weight percent of at least one of1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, tert-butylfluoride,propane, dimethylether; or 1 to 99 weight percent tert-butylfluoride and1 to 99 weight percent of at least one of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane,1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane,1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, butane,isobutane, propane or dimethylether.
 5. Effective amounts of thefollowing compounds to form an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition:comprising fluoroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane,1,1-difluoroethane, 2-fluoropropane, tert-butylfluoride, butane,isobutane or dimethylether; 2-fluoropropane and1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, tert-butylfluoride,propane, dimethylether; or tert-butylfluoride and1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane,1,1-difluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane,1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, butane, isobutane, propane ordimethylether.
 6. The azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition of claim5 , said composition consisting essentially of: 1-99 weight percentfluoroethane and 1-99 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane; 1-99weight percent fluoroethane and 1-99 weight percent 1,1-difluoroethane;73-99 weight percent fluoroethane and 1-27 weight percent2-fluoropropane; 75-99 weight percent fluoroethane and 1-25 weightpercent tert-butylfluoride; 67-99 weight percent fluoroethane and 1-33weight percent butane; 52-99 weight percent fluoroethane and 1-48 weightpercent isobutane; 1-99 weight percent fluoroethane and 1-99 weightpercent dimethylether; 1-99 weight percent 2-fluoropropane and 1-99weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane; 1-99 weight percent2-fluoropropane and 1-99 weight percent 1,1-difluoroethane; 41-99 weightpercent 2-fluoropropane and 1-59 weight percent tert-butylfluoride; 1-41weight percent 2-fluoropropane and 59-99 weight percent propane; 1-99weight percent 2-fluoropropane and 1-99 weight percent dimethylether;1-44 weight percent tert-butylfluoride and 56-99 weight percent1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane; 1-32 weight percent tert-butylfluoride and68-99 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane; 1-30 weight percenttert-butylfluoride and 70-99 weight percent 1,1-difluoroethane; 11-60weight percent tert-butylfluoride and 40-89 weight percent1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane; 1-3 weight percent tert-butylfluoride and97-99 weight percent 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane 1-52 weight percenttert-butylfluoride and 48-99 weight percent1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane; 1-99 weight percent tert-butylfluorideand 1-99 weight percent butane; 1-45 weight percent tert-butylfluorideand 55-99 weight percent isobutane; 89-99 weight percenttert-butylfluoride and 1-11 weight percent isobutane; 1-19 weightpercent tert-butylfluoride and 81-99 weight percent propane; or 1-42weight percent tert-butylfluoride and 58-99 weight percentdimethylether.
 7. Effective amounts of tert-butylfluoride and a compoundselected from the group consisting of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane,1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane or 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane to formbinary compositions having a vapor pressure higher than that of thecomponents of the binary composition.
 8. A process for producing anaerosol comprising using a composition of claim 4 .
 9. A process forproducing an aerosol comprising using a composition of claim 5 .
 10. Aprocess for producing an aerosol comprising using a composition of claim6 .
 11. A process for producing an aerosol comprising using acomposition of claim 7 .
 12. A process for producing refrigeration,comprising condensing a composition of claim 4 , and thereafterevaporating said composition in the vicinity of the body to be cooled.13. A process for producing refrigeration, comprising condensing acomposition of claim 5 , and thereafter evaporating said composition inthe vicinity of the body to be cooled.
 14. A process for producingrefrigeration, comprising condensing a composition of claim 6 , andthereafter evaporating said composition in the vicinity of the body tobe cooled.
 15. A process for producing refrigeration, comprisingcondensing a composition of claim 7 , and thereafter evaporating saidcomposition in the vicinity of the body to be cooled.
 16. A process forpreparing a thermoset or thermoplastic foam, comprising using acomposition of claim 4 as a blowing agent.
 17. A process for preparing athermoset or thermoplastic foam, comprising using a composition of claim5 as a blowing agent.
 18. A process for preparing a thermoset orthermoplastic foam comprising using a composition of claims 6 as ablowing agent.
 19. A process for preparing a thermoset or thermoplasticfoam, comprising using a composition of claim 7 as a blowing agent.